Hipaa Privacy Rule :: Healthcare Medical Information Privacy

1. Introduction Today, you view more reason than ever to care about the privacy of your medical tuition. This information was once stored in locked file cabinets and on dusty shelves in the medical records department. Your doctor(s) used to be the sole keeper of your physical and mental health information. With todays recitation of electronic medical records software, information discussed in confidence with your doctor(s) will be recorded into electronic data files. The obvious awe - the potential for your records to be seen by hundreds of strangers who work in health care, the insurance industry, and a host of businesses associated with medical organizations. Fortunately, this catastrohic scenario will likely be avoided.Congress addressed growing public concern about privacy and security of personal health data, and in 1996 passed The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). HIPAA sets the national standard for electronic transfers of health data. in front HIPAA, each state set their own standards. Now states mustiness abide by the minimum standards set by HIPAA. States can enact laws to incorporate and/or strengthen the basic rights given by HIPAA.How HIPAAs Privacy Rule Protects YOU The PatientAccess to your own medical recordsPrior to HIPAA, access to YOUR medical records were not guaranteed by federal law. Only about half the states had laws giving patients the right to see and copy their own medical records. You may be charged for copies but HIPAA sets salary limits. You Must Be Given Notice Of Privacy PracticesHow your medical information is used and let on must now be given to you. The notice must also tell you how to exercise your rights and how to file a complaint with your health care supplier and with the DHHS Office of Civil Rights. HIPAA Requires Accounting of Disclosure DetailsYou have the right to know who has accessed your health records for the prior six years, However there are several exceptions to the accou nting requirement. Accounting is not required when records are disclosed to persons who see your records for treatment, payment, and health care operations. These individuals do not need to be listed in the disclosure log. Filing A Complaint If you believe a health care provider or health plan has violated your privacy you have the right to file a complaint with your health care provider and with DHHS.Special Requests For Confidential Communications. You can make special requests specifying how you would like your doctors office handle confidential communication.

Pakistan - The Land of Adventure and Nature :: science

Pakistan - The Land of Adventure and NatureFrom the mighty stretches of the Karakorams in the North to the vast alluvial delta of the Indus River in the South, Pakistan remains a land of high adventure and nature. Trekking, mountaineering, white water rafting, wild boar hunting, mountain and desert jeep safaris, camel and yak safaris, trout fishing and bird watching, are a few activities, which entice the adventure and nature lovers to Pakistan.Pakistan is endowed with a rich and varied flora and fauna. High Himalayas, Karakoram and the Hindukush ranges with their alpine meadows and permanent snow line, coniferous forests knock down the sub-mountain scrub, the vast Indus plain merging into the great desert, the coast line and wetlands, all offer a remarkably rich variety of vegetation and associated wildlife including avifauna, both endemic and migratory. Ten of 18 mammalian orders are represented in Pakistan with species ranging from the worlds smallest surviving mammals, the Medit erranean Pigmy Shrew, to the largest mammal ever known the blue whale.Situated in the heart of the South Asian sub-continent, it is a realm with its own fascinating history and cultural heritage. Pakistan was the site for one of the worlds earliest human settlements, the great past Indus Valley Civilization, the crucible of ancient empires, religions and cultures. Pakistan traces its history back to 2,500 years B.C. when a highly developed civilization flourished in the Indus Valley. Excavations at Harappa, Moenjodaro, Kot Diji and Mehr Garh have brought to light, the evidence of an march on civilization existing even in more ancient times.The landscape of Pakistan ranges from lofty mountains in the north, the Karakoram and the Himalayas, through dissected plateaus to the rich alluvial plains of the Punjab. Then follows stern barrenness of Balochistan and the hot dry deserts of Sindh blending into miles and miles of golden beaches of Mekran coast.Pakistan is situated between lat itude 24 and 37 degrees North and longitude 62 and 75 degrees East. The country borders Iran on the westward, India on the East, Afghanistan in the North-West, China in the North and the Arabian Sea in the South. The great mountain ranges of the Himalayas, the Karakoram and the Hindukush form Pakistans northern highlands of North West Frontier Province and the Northern Area Punjab province is a flat, alluvial plain with five major rivers dominating the upper region eventually joining the Indus River flowing south to the Arabian Sea Sindh is bounded on the east by the Thar Desert and the Rann of Kutch and on the west by the Kirthar range the Balochistan tableland is an arid tableland, encircled by dry mountains.

The Giver Essay -- essays research papers

The Giver Book ReportThe story starts as Jonas, a twelve- year-old boy, who is waiting for hislife assignment. When he is given his assignment, he is chosen to be theReceiver of Memory. As the Receiver he has to get every memory from wholly over theworld from the old Receiver he calls The Giver.The GiverThe Giver is the man who is the old Receiver. He is also the one who givesJonas the memories. In the community were Jonas lives is everything iscontrolled, level off peoples memory. The Giver is the only one who is notcontrolled. It is the Receivers job to store the memories of the community andpass them on to the next Receiver.GabeGabe is an infant who was part of Jonass fathers work that Jonass fatherbrought hearth so he wont be released from the community(killed).Jonass FamilyJonass family is not like our idea of a family. They dont love each ofthere family members like we love ours. There is no seclusion between anybody.They shared there dreams at breakfast and there day at d inner.Introduction of Characters Lowry introduces Jonas and his family, withGabe, plus The Giver.Rising Action Jonas receives the assignment of Receiver of Memory. forking Jonas finds out that not all memories are nice.Conflict The conflict is man vs. man. Jonas cant turn down hisassignment without being released.Climax Jonas...

Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnAttempting to make decisions is difficult when one experiences doubt in one&8217s listen or when one&8217s upbringing goes against it. In &8220Huck Finn by Mark Twain , the main character Huck has to first confront doubts and and because form plans to surmount an impossibly tragic end. These efforts demonstrate that one&8217s upbringing and morals are sometimes insufficient to cope with the immense problems that hold water along a journey, and that thedecisions one must make must come from the heart. During this story Huck solves many problems by listening to his heart. Although he believes that he is doing scathe and that people and god will look down upon him, he is actually doing what is morally correct.At the beginning of the story Huck runs away from his friends and family to Jacksons Island. On Jacksons Island he is confronted by Jim who is a fugitive from justice slave. Jim being an African American is looked down on by society. When Hu ck is faced with the decision of choosing to rat on Jim or keep his secret Huck has a hard time. He knows subconsciously that Jim has done something wrong. Yet he follows his heart and decides to keep Jims secret. He says people would natter me a low-down abolitionist and despise me for keeping mum. Huck here shows that he isn&8217t only running away form home just now He&8217s running away from everything that home stands for. This happens many times in the story. Huck starts to see Jim as a friend rather then a blacken man. When Huck plays theprank on Jim after the raft gets separated Huck apologized to Jim. He knew society would have never apologized to a black person. But now Huck listens to his heart not what society has taught him.Many times in the book Huck actually comes face to face with relation back on Jim but in the end doesn&8217t. The first incident occurred while being faced by two men looking for a runaway slave. He was directly faced with the choice of &8220doin g the right thing or turning Jim in. He decides to do the wrong thing and tells the men he&8217s travel with a white man. The next time is when he writes the note to Miss Watson telling her about Jim. After thinking he says &8220seem to strike no places to harden me against him, but only the other kind.

Examine the reasons for changes in the educational attainment of males

Examine the reasons for changes in the educational attainment of malesand female persons in recent years (20 marks)For the by recent years girls have significantly outperformed boysin educational attainment and this is due to a number of factors. TheGCSE results for 2000 and 2001 shows the degree to which thepercentage of girls achieving grades A*-C exceeded that of boys. In2002, 62.4% of female GCSE entrants achieved grades A*-C, comparedwith 53.4% of males. Research published in 2003 shows that the gapbetween girls and boys widens as they grow older. The almost recentbarrier which is being broken down is that of university entry. Themost recent official figures for a gender breakdown in universityadmission are from 2001. These show that while 43% of all youngpeople entered higher(prenominal) education, the figure for girls was 46.7% andfor boys 40.4%Joan Gannod drew a number of conclusions as to why this was. Onereason is for the lad culture that resides in numerous schools. Thea ttitude that school is bad, an anti-social culture wreakingagainst learning. Keith Shipman and Keith Hicks identified that thepresence of friends in a company make you work less. That boys sawlooking cool as being more(prenominal) important than being studious. Also, PaulWillis identified that working class boys were much susceptible tothis as it was the middle class values that were prized in theclassroom via the secluded curriculum which influenced the boys intoworking against the education system. Another theorist, Peter woodsIn The Divided School (1979) argued that boys are more concerned withthe approval of their peer group than the approval of their teachers.Another further reason is the lack of role models for boys,p... ...he number of girls expressing professional career hopessuch as doctors, lawyers, scientists, etc. Sharpe has argued thatthese changes in attitudes towards marriage and work are factors inexplaining why girls are performing better at school than they weretwenty years ago.I think that the interactionist perspective for example, Peter Woodsis successful in theory, as he be consistves that it provides informationwhich could lead to better teaching and a reduction in conflict anddeviance within schools and this Marxist approach has itslimitations and its main focus is from a macro perspective and doesnot appear to focus on each individual. The relative uniformity ofmeanings that lie behind what counts as knowledge and ability,suggests that such meanings are not simply constructed in theclassroom but rather they have a wider and fundamental basis.

Reflections on An Inconvenient Truth Essay -- Environmental Degradatio

Future generations whitethorn well have occasion to ask themselves, What were our parents thinking? Why didnt they wake up when they had a chance? (An Inconvenient Truth). Throughout the last fifteen years, this type of thought has lead to a revolution within the United States. This revolution is not against the government, moreover against pollution and wastefulness. This upheaval of the green movement and decreasing non-renewable resources is producing a generation focus on expansion, recycling, and most importantly, energy outturn. Advertisements endorsing going green fill television, radio, and magazines demo products that provide eventually make energy production start in the home. These advancements are numerous and are beginning to be reported at an awful rate. Even the military has begun to take measures, such as searching for alternative fuel sources, in an effort to reduce its carbon-footprint. From the 18th to the middle of the 19th hundred is commonly refe rred to as The Industrial Revolution the 20th to the 21st century will be potentially known as The Green Revolution. Advances in production methods will be one of the next big steps that industry takes. Although these methods will decrease emissions and lead to an entirely foreign type of society potentially unforeseen problems may arise. The global population is growing at an unprecedented rate and by the year 2050 the global population is expected to exceed xx billion people, an almost 150 percent increase from today (Global Population Projections). Although a green technology will develop a little wasteful society, the jumps in population growth could diminish or completely reverse these gains. These conclusions are evident even toda... .... The ozone hole and the accumulation of greenhouse gasses will not be solved today but rather further down the road once we discover techniques to battle these problems. One-hundred years from now may look completely different tha n the aforementioned vision however, it will undoubtedly reflect the green movement and decisions that are made over the next twenty dollar bill years.Works CitedAn Inconvenient Truth. Prod. Lawence bender, Scott Burns and Laurie David. Direc. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore. DVD. Paramount Classics. 2006Annex, Robert. Stimulating Innovations in Green Technology. American Behavioral Scientist. 44.2 (200) 188-212. Print. Global Population Projections. Web. 4 Oct 2010. Silberberg, Martin S. Chemistry the molecular(a) Nature of Matter and Change. 5th ed. Boston McGraw-Hill, 2009. Print.

Reflections on An Inconvenient Truth Essay -- Environmental Degradatio

Future generations may well have occasion to ask themselves, What were our parents thinking? why didnt they wake up when they had a chance? (An Inconvenient Truth). Throughout the last fifteen years, this type of thought has lead to a revolution within the unite States. This revolution is not against the government, but against pollution and wastefulness. This upheaval of the green movement and decreasing non-renewable resources is producing a generation focus on expansion, recycling, and most importantly, energy production. Advertisements endorsing expiration green fill television, radio, and magazines showing products that pass on eventually make energy production start in the home. These advancements are numerous and are beginning to be reported at an astonishing rate. Even the military has begun to take measures, such as searching for alternative fuel sources, in an effort to reduce its carbon-footprint. From the eighteenth to the middle of the 19th century is commo nly referred to as The Industrial Revolution the 20th to the 21st century will be potentially known as The Green Revolution. Advances in production methods will be one of the next big steps that industry takes. Although these methods will decrease emissions and lead to an entirely impertinent type of society potentially unforeseen problems may arise. The global race is growing at an unprecedented rate and by the year 2050 the global population is expected to exceed twenty billion people, an almost 150 percent increase from today (Global macrocosm Projections). Although a green technology will develop a less wasteful society, the jumps in population growth could diminish or completely reverse these gains. These conclusions are evident even toda... .... The ozone quite a little and the accumulation of greenhouse gasses will not be solved today but rather further down the road once we discover techniques to battle these problems. One-hundred years from now may look comp letely different than the aforementioned vision however, it will undoubtedly reflect the green movement and decisions that are make over the next twenty years.Works CitedAn Inconvenient Truth. Prod. Lawence bender, Scott Burns and Laurie David. Direc. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore. DVD. Paramount Classics. 2006Annex, Robert. Stimulating Innovations in Green Technology. American Behavioral Scientist. 44.2 (200) 188-212. Print. Global Population Projections. Web. 4 Oct 2010. Silberberg, Martin S. Chemistry the Molecular Nature of Matter and Change. 5th ed. Boston McGraw-Hill, 2009. Print.

Cold War Essay

The tatty struggle represents the disputes between the Soviet Union and the United States, and may be the intimately noneworthy political issue of the late 20th Century. The polar War was a very political issue because it influenced foreign policies, impacted our economy, and even change Presidential elections. The United States was worried that the Soviet Union would extend communism by means of with(predicate)out Europe with its power and control over smaller and weaker countries. At the tooth root of the nippy War the struggles between the United States and the Soviet Union were more political than military.The Soviet Union detonated its first atomic neglect on stately 29, 1949 which alarmed the United States because they were not expecting the Soviet Union to have knowledge of nuclear weapons (The Cold War Museum, n. d. ). Consequently, Americans were uncertain of their own safety, prompting President Truman to canvas the United States position in the world. He requi red the United States to amass conventional and nuclear weapons to cease the Soviet influence from spreading around the world. The harness race began, and each side mass produced and strategically placed missiles throughout their country and their allied countries.Other events occurred during the Cold War era adding fuel to the Cold War the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Bay of Pigs. My first interviewee was a female in her early sixties whom extendd through the Cold War menstruation my mother. As a retired school teacher, I expected my mother to have a deeper understanding of the Cold War than a person that simply lived through the period. Her definition of the Cold War clearly supported the definition stated in this course.When I asked my mother what words or phrases come to mind when she thinks of the edge Cold War, she did not hesitate in her response United States and the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, John F. Kennedy, George Patton, and W orld War II (B. Rego, personal communication, may 27, 2013). She related to me that the aspects of the Cold War that she meaned were that the Soviets felt that the United States was not revealing anchor military information after World War II, and their suspicions were confirmed when the United States dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima (B.Rego, personal communication, May 27, 2013).I went on to ask her to name any key events that are mainly associated with the Cold War, and she replied the Bay of Pigs (B. Rego, personal communication, May 27, 2013). My mother was able to accurately remember the parties involved in the Cold War, as well as key details and key events of the period having lived through the period, not as a child plainly as a young adult. My second interviewee was a male in his mid-thirties whom did not live through the Cold War period, but studied it in school.My younger brothers definition of the Cold War was long period of tensions between countries (J. Rego, p ersonal communication, May 27, 2013). His definition is similar to the definition provided in this course with the exception that he did not put forward specifically the United States and the Soviet Union. When questioned rough what aspects of the Cold War he remembers he stated I remember Korea and Vietnam (J. Rego, personal communication, May 27, 2013).Although he is not incorrect in his response, it was interesting to me that he again omitted the involvement of the United States and the Soviet Union. When asked about the key events mainly associated with the Cold War, my brother said the only key event I remember was the Berlin Wall, and when President Reagan and Gorbachev signed the peace treaty (J. Rego, personal communication, May 27, 2013). His recollection of the key events associated with the Cold War albeit accurate, were lacking in detail. He did not mention the Bay of Pigs, or the Cuban Missile Crisis.I suppose that the generation gap between our mother and our generat ion has unfortunately made the details of the Cold War less memorable. My final interviewee was a male in his early twenties whom also did not live through the Cold War period, but studied it in school. My sons definition of the Cold War was a weapons race between the USA and Soviet Union with no shots shoot (A. Egnew, personal communication, May 26, 2013). His definition is similar to the definition provided in this course in that he recalled the parties involved being the United States and the Soviet Union.When asked what words or phrases come to mind when thinking of the term Cold War he replied stockpile and weapons race (A. Egnew, personal communication, May 26, 2013). I questioned him about any key events that he could remember that is mainly associated with the Cold War, and his answer was I cant name any (A. Egnew, personal communication, May 26, 2013). It is interesting to me, yet not surprising that as the generation gap widens the details of the Cold War are more easily forgotten.The Cold War was a very cock-a-hoop event in United States history for key events such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Bay of Pigs, and the Berlin Wall, but noteworthy also for the civilized rights movement, gender equality, and racial segregation issues (Farber, 1994). The Cold War changed the way Americans view authority, and opened the door for American citizens to question political decisions. Without the Cold War period, mayhap our lives today would be much different. Would slavery still exist? What about racial segregation? Our lives today would surely be different if the Cold War never happened.

Case Study Proposal for Coca Cola Amatil Sydney †Blowfill Technology Essay

Subject Case Study on coca plant- cola Amatil (Australia)I am pleased to submit A proposal for the Blow fill engine room Packaging Project. The material described in the attached proposal used the most relative and advance data on implementation of turnaround fill applied science by Coca booby Amatil. Of the particular interest are the state of the art technologies that are used by the organization to alter the supply chain and make environment friendly. The proposal explains the need to work on analyzing the crucial issues faced by the organization plot of land implementing this engine room. Please seduce a look at the case study proposal and in case you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact.Yours truly,Niranjan R BalikaiProject summaryThe case study would work on analysing, the implementation of splatter fill technology at Coca booby Amatil. Based on the current information, implementation of this technology will reduce the risks associated with quality. The contamination of bottle can be avoided. The use of blow- fill technology at CCA lead to monetary value reductions along with reduction in carbon footprint at CCA by eliminating the empty bottle storage, transport costs and mad material rise favorite rosin which was previously used to manufacture bottles. The most important doom of focus in this case is to analyse the benefits that CCA derives from implementation of blow fill technology and to go through the extent to which this technology could be used as a means to stay a repoint in these competitive dates. at that placefore, a comprehensive epitome of the costs and benefits of blow fill technology at Coca Cola Amatil and extensive insight on management at CCA would be required for this project. launchIntroduction to CompanyCoca- Cola Amatlil (CCA) is known as one of the largest bottlers of the various non-alcoholic, ready to drunkenness beverages in the region of Asia Pacific. CCA is one of the worlds cover charge f ive bottlers of Coca- Cola. The organization has an employee base of more than 15,000 people and maintained access to around 265 million customers among which 700,000 are active customers. CCA is known to have operations in five major(ip) countries and these countries include Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Fiji and Papua New Guinea. The company works on manufacturing as well as selling and distribution of a well-diversified production portfolio.This portfolio includes water, coffee, carbonated soft drinks, fruit juice, energy drinks, flavoured milk and even ready to eat fruits and ve becharmable products are packaged by CCA (CCA, 2013). Coca- Cola Amatil is involved in the selling and distribution of some of the premium spirits portfolio of the Beam Global Spirits along with premium wines, which takes into account products like Makers Mark and Canadian Club. Coca- Cola Company owns around 30% share of CCA and there are two directors sitting among the eight member board of direc tors at CCA (CCA, 2013). Coca Cola Amatil head office is located in Sydney. CCA is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. The company has a market capitalization of more than $8 billion and the company is among one of the leave 50 Australian listed companies (CCA, 2013). Coca Cola Amatil reported a net profit after tax of almost 558$ million in the year 2012 onward significant items. This profit observed an increase of around 5% from 2012 (Annual report, 2012). Introduction to TechnologyCCA decided to open two new blow fill technology lines for production facility in the year 2011. The blow fill technology represented around 35$ million coronation in the Coca Cola Amatil South Australian operations which in turn enables the organization to design and manufacture their own PET beverage bottle by utilizing less raw material. Blow fill technology was considered as one of the single largest capital investment made in the history of CCA and this new technology was analyzed to bet change into the entire nature of the manufacturing in the business of CCA (Coca-Cola Amatil, 2011). The attached file in the appendix Coca-Cola Amatil (Aust) Pty LtdAustralian Packaging Covenant Action Plan provides the benefits and condemnation associated with the implementation of blow fill technology at Coca Cola Amatil. CCA views that by introducing this technology, the organization was enabled to redesign the entire sm wholly carbonated soft drink and the water PET bottle range. This technological innovation brought some major benefits to the organization, which are very good for Coca Cola Amatil, the customers of the company, and the communities in which they operate. Some of the major benefits include significant savings in cost, production efficiency gains and the increase in shelf life of the product and the product stacking ability (Coca-Cola Amatil, 2011).BACKGROUND OF THE knowl adjoin & PURPOSE OF PROPOSALCoca Cola Amatil vertically integrated their manufacturing operation in order to enable the PET bottle self-manufacture and to manufacture the preforms and PET caps. There are various investments made in warehouses and production facilities by CCA. However, the largest piece from the Project Zero which is known as the largest of the capital project undertaken by Coca Cola Amatil is on the 450$ million investment on PET bottle manufacture also known as blow fill which is likely to get functional in all the major manufacturing operations of the group most likely in 2015 (Trevor, 2012). This investment made by CCA meant to reduce the PET resin in the environment equal to around fifty thousand trucks off the road and the truck loading reduced to almost 7 minutes which was actually 25 minutes leading to stock accountancy from 80% to now 98% (Trevor, 2012).Coca Cola Amatil works on continuing high levels of automation in their supply chain like including various automated guided vehicles along with artificial intelligence, advanced robotics and various other technologies to provide benefits in the future. The investments in technology made by CCA in their supply chain shows that these investments were instrumental in turning the company in the 90s characterized at that time as a low technological organization to now as a profitable and customer centric consumer goods business. The question here is to understand that whether investment in blow fill technology would enable Coca Cola Amatil to achieve competitive advantage in these challenging time. If not then is this technology only makes contribution to the business in terms of cost saving and supply chain improvement. Statementof the problem in companyCoca Cola Amatil sees packaging of their products as one of the most valuable resource and not as waste. One of the examples is that every single PET bottle is considered as a resource and they are recycled to make other products. Coca Cola Amatil recognizes that they are required to work on sustainable packaging and respo nsible recycling make an important contribution to the environment. That is one reason that the company main a huge investment in Blow Fill Technology that allows them to product atonic weighting PET bottles. Making an investment in a technology to this extent enables the organization to reap major benefits including cost saving and production efficiency. However, the point of concern is that whether investing in blow fill technology enabled Coca Cola Amatil to stay ahead of the competition. This case would explore the entire implementation of blow fill technology to identify the critical issues faced by Coca Cola Amatil during the implementation of this technology. Along with that, this case would analyze the benefits that Coca Cola Amatil achieved by implementation of Blow Fill technology and whether blow fill technology would enable the firm to remain competitive in these challenging economic times where the competition is tough and investment of this scale need to deliver sign ificant outcomes.Proposed solutionsCoca Cola Amatil aims to implement blow fill technology in all the major manufacturing plants. For this reason, it is extremely for the organization to work on utilizing this technological innovation in a manner that would enable them to achieve a competitive edge and at the same time provide business with benefits like costs saving and reduction in raw material. Therefore, the case would enable CCA to discover the direction that they can work on in order to use this technology as a means to stay competitive ACTIVITIES OF IMPLEMENTATIONThe following stop chart provides a clear picture of the list of activities that are to be performed in a systematic order to complete the case study at bottom the identified period.Activity/ Week Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Research background on company Literature search & Developing Questionnaire Visit to the whole shebang Conducting Interview Analysis of Primary and Secondary Data Conclusion Writing Case Study Final editing, formatting, and compiling CONCLUSIONThis case study would examine the implementation of blow fill technology in one of the significant technological firms Coca Cola Amatil. The case in itself provides the reader with a careful insight into the implementation of one of the most important technologies and the critical issues faced by Coca Cola Amatil while implementing the blow fill technology. Along with that while analyzing the blow fill technology as a means to achieve a competitive edge, this offers the reader with an understanding as to how an organization can hold their existing resources to remain competitive in these extremely challenging times.BIBLIOGRAPHY* Annual report (2012). Available at http//ccamatil.com/InvestorRelations/AnnualReports/2012/CO27_CCA%20Annual%20Report%20-%20A4_220313_FIN_LR_single.pdf Accessed 1st April 2013 * Coca-Cola Amatil (2011 ) . Coca-Cola Amatil Unveils $35 Million Investment In Bottle Self manufacture. Available at http//ccamatil.com/InvestorRelations/md/2011/Coca-Cola%20Amatil%20unveils%20$35m%20investment%20in%20bottle%20self-manufacture.pdf Accessed 31st March 2013 * CCA (2013). Company Overview. (online). Available at http//ccamatil.com/AboutCCA/Pages/CompanyOverview.aspx Accessed 3rd April 2013 * Clarke, T. (2012) Big companies count on technology for supply chain future ( Sydney morning herald). Available at

Police Legitimacy Notes Essay

Effectiveness of the practice of law ultimately depends on their legitimacy. 1st b/c the example paradox underlying the police use of nonnegotiable coercive pull out can be resolved only if police actions are qualitatively distinct from other actors use of force. 2nd b/c people pass to obey authority out of respect for its legitimacy more than out of fear of its power. Greater police legitimacy decreases the need for nonnegotiable coercive intervention it similarly builds active community support for police efforts. -Perceptions of legitimacy carry more weight w/ the public than effectiveness of enforcement. -Tyler, Tom 88) Tyler and Huo (2001) perceived legitimacy of the police and perceived fairness/favorability of outcomes carry equal weight in citizens acceptance of officers decisions. The amazing transformation of LAPD 76% of Latinos and 68% of blacks now give LAPD positive grades (LA Times, 2009 poll) Weber- cataclysm of Power At some point, force is inevitably necessa ry to preserve peace and social order. GRAHAM v. CONNOR * The police use of force is a fadeless reminder of the fundamental imperfection of the tragedy of power. * When all else fails, people call the cops (Egon Bittner) this is b/c the police role is ultimately define by their monopoly on the right to use nonnegotiable coercive force. We rely on the police precisely because of this monopoly yet at the same time, we are repulsed by its underlying harsh reality. Leads Us To Mary-Douglas Purity and Danger * We value dirty work as necessary but are repelled by those who do it so there is a moral ambiguity of force, which means that force is sometime necessary, but the decision to use it and judging the extent of its use are inherently unclear.

Dystopian Essay (Essay of Definition) Essay

Dystopian Essay(Essay of description)Ultimate Goal1. Define, in your eyes, what makes a dystopian society2. Use our 3 novels, Harrison Bergeron, and at least 2 academic articles to influence your concept of dystopiaAccording to the New World Encyclopedia, dystopia is defined as follows A dystopia (from the Greek - and , alternatively, cacotopia, kakotopia, cackotopia, or anti-utopia) is the vision of a society that is the opposite of utopia. A dystopian society is one in which the conditions of life are miserable, characterized by human misery, poverty, oppression, violence, disease, and/or pollution. While there have been actual societies which have go through most if non all of these characteristics, the term dystopia is largely a literary term, referring to a class of literary works that serve as cautionary tales against round form of totalitarianism of the left or right. Some academic circles distinguish between anti-utopia and dystopia. George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four is a dystopia because its leaders do not aspire to or use the rhetoric of utopia to justify their power. Orwells Animal Farm is a classic anti-utopia, in which the pigs come to justify their leadership in the name of creating a utopian society. The literature of dystopia draws on the human experience of the failure of states and ideologies to create the utopias, or even the much modest aims of good governance, a great deal abridging human freedom in the name of some ideal that leads to authoritarian, even totalitarian consequences.Yet, what other elements are included in a dystopian society?Based upon our readings of Harrison Bergeron, Fahrenheit 451, Anthem, and Animal Farm, you need to come up with a working definition of a dystopian society. You lead need to consult 2 other academic, informational, scholarly articles/sources to better inform your knowledge of dystopias.Based upon class discussions, we can determine that the following elements are/can be part of a dystopian soc ietyChose one of the above (or come up with your own). This will be your working definition of a dystopia (it might help if your definition has more than one requirement to meet). Using the 3 novels, Harrison Bergeron, and the 2 articles as sources, prove that your definition is an accurate description of dystopia.RequirementsSourcesMust use a total of 6 sources (3 novels, HB, 2 articles) CitationsMust cite from each novel at least twice (thats 6 citations).6Must cite from the other sources at least once (thats 3 citations). +3An additional citation (any of the 6 sources) (thats 1 citation). +1TOTAL =10I. Introduction The DefinitionA. You will use this paragraph to explore the history and polar takes on what makes a dystopian society/novel. This is where your 2 academic, informational citations will be mentioned. Throughout this paragraph, you will whittle down the information until youve narrowed the concept down to your working definition. B. dissertation This is where you tell u s that the books are dystopias because they meet requirements A, B, & C.II. Requirement AHow do the novels meet this first requirement? (Not every novel need demonstrate this requirement, but it would make a stronger argument if they did.)III. Requirement B(see above)IV. Requirement C(see above)V. ConclusionHow does your definition of a dystopia offer something new, something different? Please do not just restate your thesis and topic sentences.Brief Outline 2Organized according to each novel/storyI. Introduction The Definitiona. You will use this paragraph to explore the history and different takes on what makes a dystopian society/novel. This is where your 2 academic, informational citations will be mentioned. Throughout this paragraph, you will whittle down the information until youve narrowed the concept down to your working definition. b. Thesis This is where you tell us that the books are dystopias because they meet requirements A, B, & C.II. Book 1 (Animal Farm)a. How does th is book meet all of your requirements for a dystopia? You are wholly required to use 2 quotes from the book, but make sure you address all of the necessary requirements mentioned in your thesis.III. Book 2 (Anthem)(See Above)IV. Book 3 (Fahrenheit 451)(See Above)V. Short Story (Harrison Bergeron)*Since you are only required to cite from this story once, you may want to incorporate this paragraph / information with one of the above*VI. ConclusionHow does your definition of a dystopia offer something new, something different? Please do not just restate your thesis and topic sentences.

Natl – the Cane Farmers

Case Nghe An Tate & Lyle Sugar Company (Viet Nam) Question Are farmers likely to convert to sugar cane ? The farmers who lived within 50 kilometers of the sugar mill are likely to convert to sugar cane in term of economic return and another(prenominal) benefits. Economic return profits returns to farmers per Hectare from growing Sugar cane is high. From Exhibit 9 with norminal cash flow of a influence life cycle ( 4 geezerhood), the total rerurn of one hectare is 6,900 (000VND) and force out present value is 3,841 (000VND) with nominal discount rate 13. 3%/year.Compare to hot chocolate and rubber, sugar cane need only one year to revenue. Compare with other crops ( pineapple, coffee, rubber ), Sugar cane can compress highest economics from exhibit 10 as below Unit Dong per hecta Sugar Pineapple deep brown Rubber Peanuts Peanuts Peanuts cane and Maize & peanuts and Rices Number of years 420 420 420 420 420 420 420 Planting years 105 140 168 120 0 0 0 Typical years 3 15 280 252 300 420 420 420 Revenue 2,835,000 3,955,000 4,536,000 3,000,000 2,856,000 4,032,000 4,080,300 Total Costs 2,110,500 3,255,000 5. 21,100 3,097,500 3,696,000 3,864,000 3,906,000 Total net return 724,500 700,000 -485,100 -97,500 -840,000 168,000 174,300 Return per year 1,725 1,667 -1,155 -232 -2,000 400 415 Note 420 is lowest common multiple of crop life cycle (4,3,10,28) and assume that time value of money is ignored (no discount to present value). From exhibit 11, Net return from Cane also get highest net present value for period from 1998 to 2015 with nominal discount rate 13,3% per annum and opportunity cost of labor is $1. 0/day NPV Cane +82,894 NPV pineapple +19,617 NPV coffee +2,438 NPV rubber -13,557, NPV combo A -34,515 NPV combo B +6,902, NPV combo C -2,158 (US$ in thousand). Other benefits One of three parts of NATLs development visualise is an outreach program to help topical anesthetic farmers to convert to cane yield which means that their sugar cane w ill have more added value because cane production can sell with higher price and the farmers can use their products. The company expected to employ 725 people, provided n-house traning so many members of the farmer family can be become workers, educated ones can also become staffs. This will creat many good affects to the local farmers. The project would need roughly 300 lorries during the harvest season so some farmers can borrow money from local banks to buy new hauliers to transport cane to the factory. With many benefits as above, before converting to sugar cane the local farmers need to understand/know the risks of converting. The prototypic risk is to avoid converting too more from the beginning of the project. The factory will reach full capacity by the 2002/2003 harvesting season, so for the period from 1998 to 2002, the numbers of hactares convert to cane need to increase arcordingly. Second risk is related to the NATLs complex payment system, with the first installment , approximately 75% of the total, would be made within 14 days of delivery and the rest would be made at the end of the season with revision for sugar content and market price.The local farmers seem to familiar with simple full payment upon delivery even though with lower price, many pitiful farmers can have enough cash for their daily life and no effected by adjustment with the old payment method. With these analysises, the famers will have much more benefits, some related risks can be considered and controlled so I believe that they will convert to sugar cane.

Heathrow: Terminal 5

Terminal 5 Heathrow London London Heathrow Terminal 5 Project backcloth The plans for this go for began as far back as 1982, whither there was an on-going debate as to whether the aviation industry in the United Kingdom should expand done Heathrow Airport or Stansted Airport. The objective of the operation was to add a fifth passenger terminal to Heathrow to handle the tourism coming into London, also with the intentions of increasing the message of Heathrow Airport from 65 million people per year to 97 million people per year. Plans for the building of Terminal 5 began in 1988.The project was given a budget of under ? 4. 5 billion. The main stakeholders in this operation were Willy Walsh (CEO of British Airways at the time), and Tony Douglas (CEO of let out at the time). Terminal Five was going to be make using the latest technology in stray to make the airport experience much easier for the man, and also to railway carry on up with the leading airports in the world. The pub lic were originally very strongly opposing the plans, with local people and local councils claiming it would cause more noise pollution, air pollution and traffic congestion in their area.The first design milestone for this project came in the late 1980s when architect Richard Rogers of Richard Rogers Partnership Architecture Firm was appointed with the task of designing the structure. British Airports Authority (BAA) formally announced a proposal to expand through building Terminal 5 at Heathrow in May of 1992. Terminal 5 had to fulfil a number of needs as an airport terminal, such as retail facilities, track terminal, multi-storey car park, production lines etc. Project PlanThe development of Terminal 5 was an extremely time-consuming journey which started in the late 1980s when Richard Rogers Partnership was appointed with the task of designing the terminal. Planning applications were submitted in 1993, and a public enquiry was held from 1995 to 1999 to find the every need of this new terminal, and every aspect of the design of the structure that was about to be introduced. Eight years after the initial planning application, the merchant vessels minister had made the decision to grant planning permission on behalf of the British government.It was the longest public enquiry in UK history with legal be reaching 80m pounds and contained over 700 building conditions. At the time Terminal 5 was the largest construction project in Europe and cost a staggering 4. 2bn. stage one of the project included many systems of systems it contains two main terminal satellites, car parks with over 4,000 spaces, major tunnelling and excavations, underground bagging system, road rail extensions, air traffic control tower, a hotel containing 600 bedrooms, 60 aircraft stands, as well as transit systems.The British Airports Authority felt they had to upgrade their airport to keep in competition with other main hub airports. Construction of the project went underway in the Sum mer of 2002 and was originally a five year plan. Five tell stages were identified in the construction of Heathrow Terminal 5 * range Preparation & Enabling Works * Ground Works * Major bodily structures * Fit Out Site Preparation and Enabling Works A major archaeology excavation took place on the Terminal 5 site, where there were over 80,000 artefacts found during the excavation.Also trading operations such as levelling the site, laying foundations, extensive tunnelling to cater for the large underground baggage and railway system that was to be put in place for the airport. Ground whole kit present 2005 also saw the completion of developed road infrastructure (internal airside roads). A new spur road finish off the M25 was also completed and opened in April 2008 in order to improve access to the terminal. Underground railroad tunnel connections between Heathrow express and Terminal 5 were finally completed in family 2004 after four and half months of tunnelling.Terminal 5 has six platforms, two of which are used for London Underground Piccadilly extension, two for the Heathrow express and the remaining two for excess extensions. The railway service was completed in March 2008. Major Structures Two satellite terminals were built to cater for 30 million extra passengers per year. Phase 1 of building these structures would account for 27 million passengers then a supercharge 3 million on completion of Phase 2. Phase 2 was the further construction of a second satellite terminal neighbouring to the original Terminal 5 structure and was completed in June 2005.March 2005 was a pivotal point in the construction of Terminal 5 the air traffic control tower was fully erected and stood 87 meters tall, which makes it one of the largest in Europe. Fit Out Key elements of the pass out comprise of specific electronic systems. These electronic systems involve new check-in technology. It uses a face recognition system on arrival to overcome waiting time for boarding p assengers. The service also includes the Rapid Transit System, which is a personal people mover carriage which links people from the car park to the main Terminal 5 building.It was completed in April 2011 and then opened to the public in September 2011. The baggage handling system is the largest of its mixed bag in Europe and it has two main integrated systems fast track and main baggage sorter. The systems were designed to handle more than 70,000 bags per day. Working Breakdown Structure Risks Capital Issues Many factors had to be taken into account upon undertaking the Heathrow Terminal 5 build. This at the time was Europes largest construction project in its history and was also the British Airport Authority (BAA) largest and most expensive project undertaken.This project would tie up much of BAAs on the job(p) capital (4. 3 Billion). Taking up all off this was a huge risk for BAA as any major cost overruns would soberly break the budget and would lead to huge exposure to BAA as a company itself rendering them out of money and needing extra finance. To overcome this BAA set out a new no blame culture Construction Risks The construction site of the Terminal posed huge risks to the project as it was determined the site would be built on an area of wetlands west of the original airport.The site was previously occupied by a sewage works and these wetlands had two main rivers running through them which would need to be relocated in order for any construction to go ahead. The two rivers The Longford River and The Duke of Northumberland River. BAA came up with a twin Rivers Diversion Scheme to re route these rivers operating under strict time constraints established from the inquiry. The scheme achieved a Civil engineering science Environmental Quality (CEEQUAL) award for maintaining high environmental standards and quality during design and construction.Constraint Issues Being the largest free standing building ever to be built in Europe coupled with the fac t that Heathrow had to be fully operational throughout the construction project special cranes had to be custom built in order to erect the building while not interfering with air space and possibly causing havoc amongst the airport. Many constraints were also put on the builders, workers and architects of the project from the lengthy inquiry one of the main issues being that only one access road would be allowed to service the site.This forced BAA to create and off site set up area where the pre fabrication was done for the project and then brought on site when needed. Costs We as a group turn over that this project was extremely good value for money although it came in over budget by over 200. T2 received 3 accolades for its structure and design and scored especial(a) high in areas of efficiency, cost, aesthetics and innovation. It has won these awards for its smooth operations during construction.Terminal 2 was over budget because it was seen as an investment for decades to com e rather than a quick solution for an outdated airport. Terminal 2 was a key infrastructural venture, tourism decimated since the onset of the recession and that has had a significant impact on stride at Dublin Airport. With its new technologies it lays the path for future prosperity and growth within the Irish tourism sector. We believe that the planning of the budget was the problem here and not enough consideration was taken into account about unforeseen circumstances leading to the budget being hugely unrealistic.The Enabling works on with site logistics & phasing was originally budgeted at 5,925,000 but final cost turned out to be 9,135,000. The works & logistics involved diversion of utility services and the unknowledgeable extensive reconstruction of Corbalis House a post medieval house dating back to the pre 1700s. REFERENCE Upon reaching our judgement that T2 was a construction winner we referred back to and compared Heathrows T5. DAA managed to build and International Terminal with a final cost of 609 whereas it took BAA 4. Billion to service only double the amount of each year passengers as Dublins T2. Below are some other stark comparisons where we believe T2 was a massive success as they managed to spend 7 x measure less than BAAs T5. - - BAA T5 - DAA T2 - FINAL COST - 5. 3 BILLION - 609 MILLION PASSENGERS PER ANNUM - 30 MILLION - 15 MILLION - SQ METRES - 350,000 - 75,000 - CONSTRUCTION distance - 6 YEARS - 3 YEARS NO. RETAIL OUTLETS - 112 - 40 Terminal 2 Terminal 2 as a project in our groups opinion was value for money, even though it came in at 200 million over budget it has received 3 accolades for its structure and design and scored exceptional high in areas of efficiency, cost, aesthetics and innovation. It has won these awards for its smooth operations during construction. Terminal 2 was over budget because . t was seen as an investment for decades to come rather than a quick solution for an outdated airport. Terminal 2 was a key i nfrastructural venture, tourism decimated since the onset of the recession and that has had a significant impact on footfall at Dublin Airport. , with its new technologies it lays the path for future prosperity and growth within the Irish tourism sector. Bibliography * http//centrim. mis. brighton. ac. uk/ look for/projects/t5 * http//www. economist. com/node/4300209 * http//www. hacan. org. uk/resources/briefings/hacan. briefing. heathrow_terminal_5. pdf

Imam Mosque Isfahan

Imam Mosque, is a mosque in Isfahan, Iran standing in south location of Naghsh-i Jahan Square. Built during the Safavid period, it is an excellent example of Islamic architecture of Iran, and regarded as sensation of the masterpieces of Iranian Architecture. The Shah Mosque of Esfahan is one of the everlasting masterpieces of architecture in Iran. It is registered, along with the Naghsh-i Jahan Square, as a UNESCO being Heritage Site. Its construction began in 1611, and its splendor is mainly due to the beauty of its seven-colour mosaic tiles and calligraphical inscriptions.The mosque is one of the treasures featured on Around the demesne in 80 Treasures presented by the architecture historiographer Dan Cruickshank. The mosque is depicted on the reverse of the Iranian 20,000 rials banknote. 1 History Shah AbbasCopper engraving by Dominicus Custos, from his Atrium heroicum Caesarum pub. 16001602. In 1598, when Shah Abbas dogged to move the enceinte of his Persian empire from the northwestern metropolis of Qazvin to the central urban center of Isfahan, he initiated what would dumbfound one of the greatest programmes in Persian history the complete remaking of this ancient city.By choosing the central city of Isfahan, fertilized by the Zayandeh River (The life-giving river), lying as an oasis of in disco biscuitse cultivation in the midst of a vast area of arid landscape, he two distanced his capital from any future assaults by the Ottomans and the Uzbeks, and at the same time gained more control over the Persian Gulf, which had recently become an important traffic route for the Dutch and British East India Companies. 2The chief architect of this colossal task of urban be after was Shaykh Bahai (Baha ad-Din al-Amili), who foc usaged the programme on two key features of Shah Abbass master plan the Chahar Bagh avenue, flanked at every side by all the prominent institutions of the city, such(prenominal) as the residences of all foreign dignitaries, a nd the Naqsh-e Jahan Square (Examplar of the World). 3 Prior to the Shahs ascent to power, Persia had a decentralized power structure, in which disparate institutions battled for power, including both the military (the Qizilbash) and governors of the different provinces making up the empire.Shah Abbas wanted to on a lower floormine this political structure, and the recreation of Isfahan, as a Grand capital of Persia, was an important step in centralizing the power. 4 The ingenuity of the square, or Maidan, was that, by grammatical construction it, Shah Abbas would gather the cardinal main components of power in Persia in his own backyard the power of the clergy, be by the Masjed-e Shah, the power of the merchants, represented by the The Imperial Bazaar, and of course, the power of the Shah himself, residing in the Ali Qapu Palace.The crown jewel in this project was the Masjed-e Shah, which would replace the a good deal older Jameh Mosque in conducting the Friday prayers. To ac hieve this, the Shah Mosque was constructed not only with raft of grandeur, having the largest attic in the city, but Shaykh Bahai also planned the construction of two religious schools and a winter mosque clamped at either side of it. 5 Because of the Shahs desire to have the building completed during his lifetime, shortcuts were interpreted in the construction for example, the Shah ignored warnings by one of the architects Abul Qasim regarding the danger of subsidence in the foundations of the mosque, and he pressed ahead with the construction. 6 The architect proved to have been justified, as in 1662 the building had to undergo major rep glorioles. 7 Also, the Persians invented a crude style of tile mosaic (the Seven-colour) that was both cheaper and quicker, and that eventually speed up the construction.This job was masterly done by some of the best craftsmen in the country, and the whole work was supervised by Master calligrapher, Reza Abbasi. In the end, the final touches on the mosque were made in late 1629, few months after the death of the Shah. Also, many historians have wondered about the peculiar orientation of The imperial square (The Maidan). Unlike most buildings of importance, this square did not lie in alignment with Mecca, so that when introduction the entrance-portal of the mosque, one makes, almost without realising it, the half-right turn, which enables the main court inside to face Mecca.Donald Wilber gives the most plausible explanation to this the vision of Shaykh Bahai was for the mosque to be visible wherever in the maydan a person was situated. Had the axis of the maydan coincided with the axis of Mecca, the bonce of the mosque would have been concealed from view by the towering entrance portal leading to it. By creating an tumble between them, the two parts of the building, the entrance portal and the dome, are in perfect view for everyone within the square to admire. 8 Architecture and design The entrance iwan with its toweri ng facade Design the four-iwan styleThe Safavids founded the Shah Mosque as a telephone line through which they could express themselves with their numerous architectural techniques. The four-iwan format, finalized by the Seljuq dynasty, and inherited by the Safavids, firmly established the courtroom facade of such mosques, with the towering gateways at every side, as more important than the actual building itself. 9 During Seljuq rule, as Islamic mysticism was on the rise and Persians were looking for a new type of architectural design that emphasized an Iranian identity, the four-iwan arrangement took form.The Persians already had a rich architectural legacy, and the distinct find of the iwan was actually taken from earlier, Sassanid palace-designs,9 such as The Palace of Ardashir. Thus, Islamic architecture witnessed the emergence of a new brand that differed from the hypostyle design of the early, Arab mosques, such as the Umayyad Mosque. The four-iwan format typically took the form of a square shaped, central courtyard with large entrances at each side, giving the impression of being gateways to the spiritual world.Painting by the French architect, Pascal Coste, visiting Persia in 1841. The painting shows the main courtyard, with two of the iwans. The iwan to the right is topped by the goldast, which in many Persian mosques had replaced the function of the minarets. Standing in the public square, or Maidan, the entrance-iwan (gateway) to the mosque takes the form of a semicircle, resembling a recessed half-moon and measuring 27 meters in height, the arch framed by turquoise blow up and decorated with rich stalactite tilework, a distinct feature of Persian Islamic architecture.At the sides rise two minarets, 42 meters high, topped by beautifully carved, wooden balconies with stalactites running down the sides. Master calligrapher of the Royal court, Reza Abbasi, carve the date of the groundbreaking of the construction, and besides it, verses praising Muhammad and Ali. 10 In the middle, in front of the entrance, stood a small jackpot and a resting place for the horses, and inside the worshippers found a large marble basin set on a pedestal, filled with fresh water or lemonade.This basin shut away stands as it has for four atomic number 6 years, but no longer serves the function of providing refreshments to the worshipers at the Friday prayers. When passing through the entrance portal, one reaches the main courtyard, centered around a large pool. The two gateways (iwans) on the sides leads ones attention to the main gateway at the far end, the only one with minarets, and behind it the lofty dome, with its colorful ornamentation. The distinct feature of any mosque is the minaret, and the Masjed-e Shah has four.Still, in Persian mosques, tall minarets were considered unsuitable for the call to prayer, and they would add an aedicule, known in Persian as a goldast (bouquet) for this particular purpose, which in the Masjed-e Shah s tands on top of the west iwan. 11 The Religious Buildings Interior view of the winter mosque, reinforced as a typical hypostyle mosque. Inside, the acoustic properties and reflections at the central point under the dome is an amusive interest for many visitors, as the ingenuity of the architects, when creating the dome, enables the Imam to speak with a subdued voice and still be heard clearly by everyone inside the building.The mihrab, a large marble tablet ten feet tall and three feet wide on the southwestern wall, indicated the direction of Mecca. Above it the Shahs men had placed a gold-encrusted cupboard of allow wood. It held two relics a Quran, said to have been copied by Imam Reza, and the bloodstained robe of Imam Hussain. Although never displayed, the robe was said to have magical powers lifted on the end of a pike in the battle field, the belief was that it could rout an enemy. 12 From the main courtyard, the iwan pointing to east contained a religious school, or madrasa .It contains an inscription by calligrapher Muhammad Riza Imami praising the Fourteen Immaculate Ones (i. e. , Muhammad, Fatimah and The Twelve Imams). The iwan in the western street corner leads to another madrasa and a winter mosque. In its own, private courtyard, one can find the noteworthy sundial made by Shaykh Bahai. The dome As with iwans, the introduction of domes into Islamic architectural designs was done by the Persians. The oldest such building is the Grand Mosque of Zavareh, dating 1135. 13 The Persians had constructed such domes for centuries before, and some of the earliest known examples of large-scale domes in the World are found in Iran, an example being the The Maiden Castle. So, the Safavid Muslims borrowed heavily from pre-Islamic knowledge in dome-building, i. e. the use of squinches to create a transition from an octagonal structure, into a circular dome. To cover up these transition zones, the Persians make rich networks of stalactites. Thus, came also the introduction of this feature into Persian mosques. A renaissance in Persian dome building was initiated by the Safavids.The distinct feature of Persian domes, which separates them from those domes created in the Christian world or the Ottoman and Mughal empires, was the colorful tiles, with which they covered the exterior of their domes, as they would on the interior. These domes soon numbered dozens in Isfahan, and the distinct, blue-colored shape would overtop the skyline of the city. Reflecting the light of the sun, these domes appeared like glittering turquoise gem and could be seen from miles away by travelers pastime the Silk road through Persia.Reaching 53 meters in height, the dome of the Masjed-e Shah would become the tallest in the city when it was finished in 1629. It was built as a double-shelled dome, with 14 meters spanning between the two layers, and resting on an octagonal dome chamber. 14 trick Mosaic detail, as found in the Shah Mosque, showing Quranic calligra phy written in Thuluth script (photo taken at the Lotfallah Mosque). Interior view of the lofty dome covered with polychrome tiles, intended to give the smasher a sense of heavenly transcendence.The Masjed-e Shah was a huge structure, said to contain 18 million bricks and 475,000 tiles, having appeal the Shah 60,000 tomans to build. 15 It employed the new haft rangi (seven-colour) style of tile mosaic. In earlier Iranian mosques the tiles had been made of faience mosaic, a slow and expensive process where tiny pieces are cut from monochrome tiles and assembled to create intricate designs. In the haft rangi method, artisans put on all the colors at once, then fired the tile. Cheaper and quicker, the new map allowed a wider range of colors to be used, creating richer patterns, sweeter to the eye. 716 According to Jean Chardin, it was the low humidity in the air in Persia that made the colors so much more vivid and the contrasts between the different patterns so much stronger than w hat could be achieved in Europe, where the colors of tiles turned dull and lost its appearance. 17Still, most contemporary and moderne writers regard the tile work of the Masjed-e Shah as inferior in both quality and beauty compared to those cover the Lotfallah Mosque, the latter often referred to by contemporary Persian historians, such as Iskandar Munshi, as the mosque of great whiteness and beauty. 18 The architects also employed a great deal of marble, which they gathered from a marble quarry in nearby Ardestan. 7 Throughout the building, from the entrance portal and to the main building, the lower two meters of the walls are covered with chromatic marble, with beautifully carved poles at each side of every doorway and carved inscriptions throughout. Above this train begins the mosaic tiles that cover the rest of the building. The entrance portal of the mosque displays the finest tile decoration in the building.It is entirely put to death in tile mosaic in a full palette of seven colors (dark Persian blue, light Turkish blue, white, black, yellow, green and bisquit). A wide inscription band with religious texts written in white thuluth script on a dark blue ground frames the iwan. The tiles in the Masjed-e Shah are predominantly blue, except in the covered halls of the building, which were later revetted in tiles of cooler, yellowy-green shades. 16 Facing northwards, the mosques portal to the Maidan is usually under shadow but since it has been coated with radiant tile mosaics it glitters with a predominantly blue light of anomalous intensity.The ornamentation of the structures is utterly traditional, as it recaptures the classic Iranian motifs of symbolic appeal for fruitfulness and effectiveness. Within the cruciate arcades and the balanced iwans, one is drowned by the endless waves of intricate arabesque in golden yellow and dark blue, which conjure the spectator with a space of internal serenity. Architects The architects of the mosque are rep orted to be the following masters10 * Muhibb Ali tapdance (Supervisor of the project, and also the imperial treasurer) * Ostad Shaykh Bahai (Chief architect) * Ostad Ali Beg Isfahani * Ostad Badi al-Zaman Ostad Abul Qasim Measurements The port of the mosque measures 27 m (89 ft) high, crowned with two minarets 42 m (138 ft) tall. The Mosque is surrounded with four iwans and arcades. All the walls are ornamented with seven-color mosaic tile. The most magnificent iwan of the mosque is the one cladding the Qibla measuring 33 m (108 ft) high. Behind this iwan is a space which is roofed with the largest dome in the city at 52 m (171 ft) height. The dome is double layered. The whole of the construction measures 100 by one hundred thirty metres (330 ft 430 ft), with the central courtyard measuring 70 by 70 metres (230 ft 230 ft).

Indian Education

Felippe Wancelotti Mrs. Amelkin AP Lang 10/4/2012 Indian Education Subject Sherman Alexie delivers an essay portraiture his behavior from a yearly view-point encompassing the 1st to 12th mannikin. Occasion Indian misconceptions, mistreatments, stereotypes, and discriminations wholly affected Alexie on his educational highway and served as a basis for the writing of Indian Education.Audience Alexies earshot is primarily those interested in the lifestyle of Native Americans. Purpose Alexie highlights how he ultimately overcame the hardships suffered during his early days due to his Indian ethnicity and displays how Native Americans were, and continue, to suffer from discrimination. Tone His tone is saddened and bitter, intimately as if he feels reprehensible for those who couldnt achieve success alongside him.Thesis In his essay, Indian Education, published in the yarn collections The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven in 1993, Sherman Alexie highlights how he ultimate ly overcame the hardships suffered during his early geezerhood due to his Indian ethnicity and displays how Native Americans were, and continue, to suffer from discrimination.With the use of clever identically constructed sentences to contrast his academic control condition with the decline of those most him, powerful segment conclusions to create a spatial effect between distinguishable periods of his life in relation to environment and discrimination, and a thematic transition to display how discrimination became imprinted in his mind through consecutive years of mistreatment, Alexei portrays the bitterness associated with the loss of a society. Writing Strategy 1. Alexie sets the scenes up in separate sections with labeled headings to further differentiate each period of his yearly life.His narration technique provides a spatial effect each section feels resembling a new or different period in his life, something that cannot be easily achieved with continuous sentences. He does so to show how cursorily his environment could change, but how his treatment as an individual and the discrimination he received remained the same. 2. The brief conclusions all serve to indicate cold, harsh, and impactful conclusions to his yearly cycle which further emphasize the schism between school years. or so of the conclusions serve different functions, though.For example, when he ends his third grade segment with Im still waiting. it is short and impactful but, when he ends the fifth grade segment with a rhetorical question Oh, do you remember those sweet, almost innocent choices that the Indian boys were forced to make? the segment seems to linger on for a moment longer, portraying that the event had a stronger impression than the previous, shorter conclusion. 3. The thematic transition in the seventh grade segment occurs when he kisses the white girl, and almost as if he betrays his tribe, is sent away to a farm town.Through the seventh grade transition, the theme transcends from social outcast and discrimination to somewhat unconscious discrimination but social acceptance. foregoing to the seventh grade segment, he is explicitly mistreated and bullied, disaffectd from society. After the seventh grade though, at the farm town, he doesnt display any direct discrimination, everything he relates and portrays as discrimination is exclusively indirect and taken as such. 4.I think he ends with the Class Reunion section to display how the drastic change in his life during seventh grade affected his outcome. The effect this image shows is that the author had to alienate himself from his own society in order to succeed. Those he left behind stayed behind. Language 1. No capitalization serves the purpose of not identifying Indians as a racial ethnicity the teacher views Native Americans as severely low to both herself and society. 2.Alexie uses the hyperbole to display how no one wanted to be seen around an Indian they avoided him for cholecalci ferol years when they discovered he was Native American. The hyperbole exaggerates the factuality of the event, but it probably felt like 500 years to him. 3. The irony in paragraphs 67 and 68 is that the Indians (the school) lost a football juicy due to him, an Indian. Alexie cannot seem to eradicate these indirect discriminations, and associates them at an emotional level. 4.Alexie uses the similarly structured sentences to compare himself to those around him. He is different to his environment and its population in almost every way. In paragraphs 29 and 31, Alexies sentence regarding himself shows an interest in mathematics, whilst the sentence regarding his cousin, although related to sciences, has a derogatory connotation. In paragraphs 70 and 72 the same style of writing occurs. Alexie is looking toward the future whilst his classmates look back toward tradition. He is the only one moving forward.

E Fraud Essay

An e- thespian is considered to be an electronic shame that affects non only individuals travailes and g e veryplacenments that similarly t come come in ensembleows for very negatively intelligent people and hackers to white plague their intelligence to log into others accounts use their extension bait numbers and avering password and transact huge amounts of trade and money . it has been seen that e charade is on the increase and this is because of the low levels of aw arness, the inappropriate counter measures that atomic number 18 ineffective to handle this physical body of fraud has led to e frauds being on the increase .The only bea that has been actively multiform in reducing the impact of fraud is the technical side leaving the other so umpteen variables out of the purview of the e fraud scenario. This has make e fraud even overmuch easier because there remove been no mechanisms to trend these occurrences and even if there are there has been limited p enalties issued to the frauds that happen on the cyber length. Introduction The complexity of modern enterprises, their reliance on technology, and the heightened Interconnectivity among organizations that is both a result and a driver of e-business these are rapidly evolving developments that create widespread opportunities for theft, fraud, and other forms of exploitation by offenders both outside and within an organization (KPMG 2000) The paper tries to assimilate and analyze the strategies that lot be adopted by everyone who deals on the cyber blank shell to nurture their learning and finances securely.This paper also tries to analyze why such frauds occurs and what mess be done by s claimholders to minimize the occurrences and is it worthwhile an attempt to bring in a global validation ordinance which could wait on businesses and agencies nab the wrongs . It is recorded that global e doctor sales are steadily growing and with this the e commerce fraud too. The eco schema which has promoted the concept of ecommerce streams from the millions of shoppers and customers who use their debit and credit card game .Though online shopping is projected to be a very safe way of shopping and bank transactions done secured payment modes, frauds keep back been continu wholly in ally on the increase . It has been objectively researched that e commerce transactions consider to be highly secured . Every transaction has to be screened for the following inputs . 1. Risk establish au pasttication should be enabled for every transaction and to prove the wholeness of the user. 2. Card holderss info has to be tokenized so that consumers personal identity can be authorized and protected. . Reputed brands should shut gobble up phishing and Trojan attacks that make effortless e commerce frauds. Some practical applications for reducing e commerce brands Fraud detection and streak by addressing the critical needs of the entire credit card eco musical arrang ement. Evaluating transactions for the try and balancing risk activities in cards . High transaction abandonment rates that results from poor user experience . cut the accordance costs so that we ecommerce frauds commitment costs become high .The following diagrammatic delegation shows how the personal data ecosystem is subject to hacking by very professional hackers. (sourceGoogle. com) Credit card fraud The credit card manufacture reports huge frauds resulted over the inter sort out in the US alone, in the year 2010, $8. 6 billion card frauds occurred (Aite Group workplace). With worldwide electronic study sourcing and data storage and the thousands on online take away that is going on, the frequency of card usage has increased and this has resulted in financial institutions and cardholders becoming victims of e fraud .Countries worldwide nominate clan up agencies to monitor e fraud and rich person their own agencies to take care of such crimes especially those relate d to the cyber space and those which happen on internet and in ecommerce space . E commerce sales is anticipate to total almost $1 trillion by 2013. Ecommerce fraud is also growing along with this. Fraudulent transactions rose from 2. 7 billion in 2010 to $3. 4 billion in 2011 and are expected to grow exponentially. The use of internet has made these frauds possible. There are many reasons why these frauds occur. . The increasing complex software that is now being used to relay ecommerce has made the systems vulnerable to attacks . 2. There are thousands of malicious codes and other tools that help hackers and attackers . 3. The increasing use of high cannonball along internet at homes with very little protective covering makes attack a effective deal easy . 4. The rate at which technology is changing and the ease of adaptation to the unfermented technology and the users rather slow pace in adopting to good electronic ready reckoner security practices is another compelling reason for fraud . . the hidden costs that are involved in an ecommerce portal goes unnoticed because the security systems that have to take care of this and when systems are set up, there is always the likelihood that ambitious technology experts give least preference to securing the information order and privacy conditions People and business which conduct business online do not inform people of the expected frauds that could occur due to ecommerce transactions, because of this frauds happen .The lack of proper governance and regulation regarding type of penalties and punishments that would be disposed to fraud committers is rather slack . There are no world wide global laws to take such frauds and hence frauds that are committed online find no jurisdictional limits and so governments do not know how to pin point the responsibility . This loop hole has been used by fraudsters . The online world is effective of pseudonyms and pseudo identities . Hence tracking such frauds also becomes very difficult. There are no experts who could be given the responsibility of tracking and strategizing how such frauds occur .Though technology now is slowly act to down the stairsstand the macro environment of the fraud related scenarios, the risk and costs associated with bringing in security is very high and hence the adaptability of such scenarios cannot be done by all firms who have e commerce portals . Stakeholders involvement in the vulnerability that exists across the value chain is seen as the most critical issue in a fraud . Crime congress global This is an imitative taken by the agency to help stakeholders and victims of e commerce fraud to find effective solutions.This proves information security in all countries of the world to meet the challenges arising from e commerce. This agency prominently uses technology and leaves technology solutions in confederation with the business community to prevent frauds through information security technology and informat ion risk management, forensics, investigations, size up, risk, compliance and fraud. This agency has been conducting global awareness programs for reaching out to institutes, businesses and government to partner in helping reduce ccurrences of e fraud to strategic and technological challenges. This is a strategic initiative involving al stakeholders to proactively reduce the risks of ecommerce frauds and to be IT systems from those holy terrors which are emerging and to comply with relevant effectual and regulatory laws . this initiative is a step towards combating the threat of the increasing cases of fraud. This partnership brings out very important initiatives to protect not only customers scarce also business houses from succumbing to the increasing menace of hackers.Technology solutions and other security solutions are placed in a consultative approach towards tackling this . If an international business committed copyright infringements then legal action under Criminal Ju risprudence legal action can be relapseed to under Article 61 accord on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) where the loser has got legal recourse to his stolen property by means of criminal sanctions and which will thereby allow for legal and criminal punishment of the infringement and the infringer . t has been mat that all types of infringement should be punished with criminal sanctions. People can appeal under this act for legal action or they can hotlist an organization under cyber space if there are cases of patent take and web site hacking. The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 also cognise as the CDPA can be used in cases where infringement has taken place. If an international business committed copyright infringements or steals a patent then as a victims we can take recourse under the above mentioned acts which give defense to IRP which are stolen and pirated and copied..Early referral is express to be the best away to visualize that the evidence is properly secured and that all the research workery revenues are fully explored with the possible undercover law enforcement activities. Perhaps, communication with the law enforcement activities allows the victim to coordinate courteous proceedings with the possible criminal enforcement. Though legally recourse is available it is easy to settle out of court because protection of copyright is a prelude to produceion of the material or product.People who discover need to protect their patents. Once the patent is protected then it cannot be copied or pirated as punishments are very severe in such cases. With so many innovations taking place in the US especially with cyber technology there has been very serious issue of pirating software and the Beijing convention has called for all member countries to come out with anti pirating laws which could effectively punish those who are caught. USA will have to worry about the number of infringements that are taking place.It has admitted legal course in serious cases but USA is neither able to gun down the culprit nor is it able to find means of move an end to it because of the geographical distance which makes it impossible to monitor the use of technology. USA is very careful in dealing with countries where incidences of Infringement are very high and tries to bring in severe legal clauses to protect their interests. Computer forensics investigator and other laws A computer forensics investigator works with a pre determined image of computer crimes.But that is not a sufficient coverage that should be catered. A computer forensics investigator looks upon other law system too such as data protection, data integrity, data control, audit of data components, investigation around the computer and etc. A forensics investigator moves with an initial priority of computer crime. But he should be hale governed with other laws. This helps him to establish himself more concretely on the crime scene. He is prep ared with the notion of covering up the areas totally in order to fully pay off himself on the grounds that nothing is left behind.He checks into the data system, recovers the data, checks the integrity of the data, protects the data, looks for evidences around the computer, checks the network system of the accused person, goes more deeply with the computing system to enable him searching beyond the computers to narrow down his investigation procedure. Some other laws such as, human rights, digital rights, information system laws, computer laws are of special interest to him. This gives him the power to deal with any case that involves ethical computer crime.He is much more developed investigator if he is well adverse with the above law system. E husking E Discovery or Electronic Discovery refers to discovery in civil litigation. This discovery function deals with the exchange of information in the electronic format. Electronic Discovery is pretty useful for the forensics epito me. We know that Forensics analysis deals with the investigation of crime scene involving computer and cyber crimes and evidence is the prime source of investigation that malarkys to a prospering procedure.Hence the investigator is pretty much confident about the E Discovery System. The investigator with the help of E Discovery processes such as Electronic messages, voicemail smart phones etc recover every bit of information that is required in the gathering of evidence required for the forensics investigation. The whole process of collection data through E discovery and jotting it down to the report makes it much easier for the investigator. The E discovery has led to new developments and changes in the investigation system of the cyber crimes.With latest e discovery modes as mentioned above, an investigator is much more confident about its movement into the IT system of the accused criminal, and supporting the cause with rather strong and tried and true evidences gathered. E di scovery is a radical change in the process of investigation and has led to much more focused and integrated system of computer investigation. Conclusion The whole conclusion is based on the cyber crimes and the enacting system of law prevailing. The cyber crimes have increased in geometric progression over the years which have led to many disasters and crimes.With the increased number of crimes taking place day in day out, the laws have been made much stricter in order to ensure that the numbers of crime taking place gets lessen and there is a fear of messing up the computer system. The laws have addressed the message of intent of distorting computer systems which will constitute a crime. Many forensics investigators have been seen in the picture off late which governs the system of computer crime. These investigators are well adverse with the system laws and crime scenes. They effectively handle the situation and get to the desired results enabling quick and accurate reply to crim e involved.Thus the laws have been successful over the years in minimizing computer threats and crimes. Ecommerce has revolutionized trade in many ways and consumers have also been cheated in ways that were unknown in traditional sales. In order to protect the consumers, traders on the internet and operators in the cyber space have got together to form associations and laws that would protect the consumers in the text of ecommerce. Though every res publica has passed consumer protection acts which are rules and regulations to protect the consumers from fraudulent trade practices in the judgeet.There laws were enacted to protect the consumers and give them rights to ensure that they obtain truthful information and right products as so knowing by the seller. The laws have been designed to protect consumers from businesses indulging in unlawful and unfair practices . The governments of all countries have passed regulations to protect the rights of consumers especially in those produ cts where health and safety are chief ingredients. Consumer protection is also in the form of consumer rights which consumers can performance through redressal grievance and consumer courts.This is the history behind the concept of consumer protection. In direct contrast to the traditional business where the buyer and seller are in direct contact with each other and the buyer can inspect the goods before buying, in ecommerce the communication is only through an electronic form and business is conducted in a paperless environment. More importantly the internet or e transactions play a very important role in helping buyers and in assisting in choice comparisons and locating a product on the internet. (http//www. apec. rg/apec/apec_groups/som_special_task_groups/electroniccommerce. html. Accessed on 13/2/04) Consumer concerns in e commerce starts form the point of voice as the buyer is not known to the seller and vice versa and hence the privacy and confidentiality aspect of a trade which has to be concluded needs authenticity. Consumers are worried about 1. The unfair marketing practices that sellers resort to on the web. 2. The terms of sale, refunds, cancellation of orders, warranty conditions 3. Enforceability of the contract, performance and non performance. . Delivery time, late deliveries and no delivery verification. 5. The most criminal use of information available on credit cards payment made for online purchases. 6. Fraud and rig because transactions are not authenticated by any physical source. 7. unsafe products not substantiating to safety standards. 8. Misuse of personal information for other purposes. Since majority of e commerce transactions lead to the buyer being put to a disadvantage the Issues relating to consumer frayd have to be minimized and arbitrated. t is all the more difficult because the sellers are beyond national jurisdiction as it happens on cyberspace and SO the risks that arise out of such trade has to be taken care of and t he consumers have to be suitably protected. a landmark development n the form of the E -Commerce group otherwise known as The Electronic Commerce and Consumer Protection Group is constituted by leading companies on the net like America Online, AT&T, Dell, IBM, Microsoft, Network Solutions and Time Warner.These companies predominately deal in online sales of their products and so recognize the growing need of consumer protection and have addressed issues regarding consumer protection as best practices of industry and have created an environment which would allow consumers to resolve disputes arising on cyber space. The American Bar Association Task thread on E-commerce and Alternative Dispute Resolution is one of the best reference guide to consumer protection on the cyber space.This organization was asked to suggest workable guidelines that parties dealing in online transactions can use for ODRs (online dispute redressal) . the complexity further arose from the fact that there w as multijurisdictional disputes arising from B2B and B2c businesses. (THIS IS THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AND IS REFREED TO IN EXACT TEXT) To quote the words of the task force of the Ecommerce group that there are many ways to help prevent as well as to help resolve disputes or complaints that arise from e-commerce transactions, the Task twitch makes the following recommendations and observations 1.E-commerce businesses should place an enhance emphasis on all stages of dispute prevention, complaints handling, and effective methods of redress through ADR and ODR. 2. Internet merchants, governmental and not-for-profit entities should place a greater emphasis on consumer reading and the prevention of e-commerce disputes. 3. Protecting consumers requires adequate standards and codes of conduct for ecommerce businesses. 4. Internet merchants should be boost to participate in and subscribe to relevant e-commerce codes of conduct and trust mark programs. 5.Internet merchants should develop or c ontinue to improve on their in-house complaints handling mechanisms, and educate consumers as to how to use these in-house procedures effectively. 6. For consumers, recourse to in-house complaints mechanisms is normally the first and best means to obtain redress from reputable merchants. Accordingly, consumers should be advance to utilize the in-house complaints handling mechanisms offered by reputable Internet merchants before resorting to third party dispute courage mechanisms. 7. at present, the lack of ODR does not appear to be a material impediment to the growth of B2C e-commerce. . At present, ODR is subsidiary to other higher priority consumer protection activities, including consumer education and use of measures that help prevent or decrease the incidence of fraud in Internet transactions. 9. Recognizing that enforcement of outcomes and decisions reached through ODR may be difficult, consumers should be encouraged to consider using other dispute prevention mechanisms such as escrow services and credit card charge back mechanisms when transacting online. 10. Rather than create a code of conduct for ODR Service Providers, the Task Force has drafted Recommended Best Practices by ODR Service Providers. 1. The Task Force recommends the creation of a new informational entity (referred to as the ADRCenter) that would provide information about ODR in an effort to educate and familiarize consumers, businesses, lawyers and other professionals with this new type of service. 12. For the olfactioner of ODR as an effective and efficient means of cross-border dispute resolution for both B2B and B2C transactions, there needs to be an appropriate emphasis on the development of interoperable communication and data-sharing platforms. 3. The Task Force believes that much of the education that will be useful for consumers will also be useful for businesses especially small to metier sized enterprises and those who are new to the Internet marketplace and to cross-bor der transactions. ( Task force quoted verbatim) among all of ecommerce frauds the greatest of consumer complaints arose from identity thefts. The Federal trade commission has released statistics stating that out of 2004,000 complaints received from consumers 42% elated to fraud and identity of the seller, followed by internet auctions which constituted 10%,followed by other non performances like non delivery of goods, inferior quality goods, attempt offers from the net, shop at home offers and so on. This only reiterates that consumers have to be protected and laws of cyber space have to be strictly regulated to afford consumer protection. Consumer protection measures were seen very importantly in the light of an interactional poll which shows the increased awareness of consumers against online frauds .They were dissuaded by online shopping and cited some of the reasons why they had not shopped recently. 57% express that they were worried about their credit card number being stol en,57% were worried about confidentiality measures being violated,38% doubted the integrity on the seleers,26% wanted some personal attention to be given while they shopped,37% doubted the reliability of the sellers,47% verbalise that wanted to physically inspect the product and 25% cited many unknown reasons. source Harris interactive)It was increasingly felt that consumer education will be able to help protect consumers better. It also shows increased concerns about consumers not knowing how to transact online. It is suggested that traders using the electronic media need to given all information that is required for consumers to feel safe about shopping online .Quoting Internet merchants association , Merchants need to have greater and enhanced manifestation on their websites as well as heightened compliance with relevant consumer protection law. Another pertinent consumer protection data and study conducted by a New Zealand organization on 700 web sites explicitly brought out the consumers heightened awareness of ecommerce frauds and consumers came out with their reasons of the need for protecting their rights against fraudulent organizations.They said that 50% of the vendors had not installed security measures on the payment options, 62% did not speak of refund policies, 78% said that the vendors did not advice customers of how to lodge complaints,90% said that they did not know about laws pertaining to consumer redresses and 25% said that the vendors did not show physical address. Despite all this majority of consumers preferred to shop online so laws pertaining to consumer protection need to be implemented in its fullest sense.Consumers multinational released its Privacy net study in which it concluded that though almost all the traders online collected data regarding the personal information of the buyers very few of them institutionalized a privacy policy regarding the use of the information that the buyer gave. Though these were correct measures t o provide security, majority of these proved meaningless to the buyers. it was very common in the US and Europe to find traders giving scant respect to global standards on data privacy. steady the basic principles of informing the customers of how the data will be used, how the firm will access the data , how the consumer can use the data and how the security of the data is sought and maintained is not disclosed. A comparative study of the sites of USA and UK are no different with regard to privacy policy as both play on the information made available to them. The US online trading sites set decent privacy policies which looked good enough to follow.In The European trading sites the consumers had the law backing them up and the presence of an ombudsman and a government representative in the form of a data protection officer took care of the consumer rights and protection if breached. He also intervened to speak on behalf of the consumers if the law was tampered with . in fact it is sad to know that both the countries have left little choice to consumers in terms of data protection.. This was a comparative study of the European merchants and the USA merchants.But both of them accepted the fact that consumer protection was a must if their sales and revenues had to increase. As a step towards greater protection measures to consumers the task force on ecommerce and protection said that non-homogeneous disputes redressal mechanisms have to be introduced in the form of dispute prevention like education of consumers, feedback collection from consumers, ombudsman appointments, negotiations, mediation, arbitrators, and judicial decision of valid consumer grievances.

Agency Report on Human Services Agency Essay

I chose to write a business sector relationship or so the YWCA perforate County, located on 405 Broadway St, Tacoma Washington. The YWCA or Young Womens Christian Association is unrivaled of the oldest and largest womens organization in the nation, serving over 2 million women, and their families at more than 1,300 locations crosswise the unify States. The original Christian perspective is still strong in many of the national associations, simply some have changed their focus to be more of a social and biotic community based program. The YWCA pierce County is a community leader and forerunner in domestic military unit for over a century now. Established in 1906, the YWCA is has steadily expanded and enhanced a comprehensive menu of domestic force service provision, offering clients real tools to implement change in their own lives. Their mission terra firmament is to transform lives through gum elastic, healing and empowerment. This is an organization that is dedicated to eliminating racism and empowering women. The YWCA Pierce Countys vision is to create a safe, just and equit fitting community and they do this through education and outreach by promoting peace, referee, freedom and dignity for clients from e rattling races and walks of life. Their comprehensive Domestic Violence services that highlights intervention and pr even sotion includes 24 hour publishncy c be (intervention hotlines), free legal services (with protection orders, as tumesce as new(prenominal) criminal and polite law), immigration and safety planning, p benting plans, emergency auspices, transitional housing, case man get on withment, therapeutic services, advocacy, support groups, food, clothing and diapers, transportation, teen dating violence prevention, full interpretive services and more. in that location is much(prenominal) a great concern with the conundrum of domestic violence within the community as a whole.The legal definition for domestic violence a s defined by the RCW 10.99 (Revised Code of Washington) is crimes committed by hotshot family member or base member against a nonher. Here are the grim statistics One in 4 women will engender DV during her lifetime. Women experience more than 4 million bodily assaults and rapes because of their partners, and men are victims of nearly 3 million physical assaults. Women are more likely to be shooted by an well-educated partner than men. Women ages 20 to 24 are at greatest risk of becoming victims of domestic violence. Every year, 1 in 3 women who is a victim of homicide is murdered by her original or former partner. The domestic violence related offenses rate for Pierce County and Tacoma are among the highest in theState. More troubling is the fact that the rate of DV fatalities in Pierce County removed exceeds comparable counties, and it is estimated that around 10, 000 households are affected by domestic violence in any prone year. The definition of a DV fatality refers to a death that arises from an ill-treatmentrs efforts to assert power and arrest over an intimate partner. These include all homicides in which the victim was a former or current partner of the person responsible for the homicide(s) of people other than the intimate partner that occurred in the context of intimate person violence or in the midst of a perpetrators attempt to kill an intimate partner.The YWCA, Pierce County serves a diverse client population. In the 2012-2013 annual report, the YWCA, Pierce County describe running(a) with over 6,000 plus clients in some capacity and experiencing 5,473 crisis hotline calls. Providers reported from these calls, there is greater representation of clients from populations of deform with the highest numbers from the Afri displace American and Hispanic communities. Additionally, the YWCA states that a higher number of clients in any assumption DV related program (e.g. prevention, shelter residents, etc.) are non-Caucasian. On average, cl ients from minority groups have limited English advancement and some are undocumented several(prenominal)s and for a few programs naturaliseing in the Hispanic communities, the majority of these clients snuff it these characteristics. Some picturers report a growing number in different populations. A number of providers state that there is an increase in the number of Latina clients served, as well as persons with language barriers. There is as well as an indication of the emergence of newer ethnic populations such(prenominal) as Middle Eastern and East African individuals in the client population.Specific programs tend to movement with some specific segments of the population. For example, the Korean Womens Association tends to work with a high proportion of Asian Women such as Korean, Vietnamese and Cambodian clients, while organizations such as Tacoma Community House and Centro Latino deal with a larger Hispanic population. On average, it is reported that The YWCA Pierce County too has a percentage of clients from military families. The YWCA has partnered with JBLM (Joint base Lewis-McCord) to provide assistance to meet the unavoidably for our military both on and off base. TheYWCA, Pierce County is the first organization in the county and state to overly provide services that include the LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer/ questioning) community. At the YWCA, no client is ever turned away. If the YWCA is uneffective to provide a client with a service that may be required, the organization will do their very best to provide referrals to better meet the necessarily of the client or individual who is work in. Below is a table that illustrates the services provided and the demographics of clients that are served. This data is derived from the 2012-13 Annual Report.Beginning in 2010, the YWCA Pierce County offered shelter that included private kitchens and restrooms to clients and their children. The shelter also begin to accept male clients in 2012.The shelter caters to safety, privacy, dignity and basic needs of clients for no more than 90 days. During this time in shelter, clients are able to utilize individual case management, counseling and education, childrens services, support groups and a 24 hour on-the-spot(prenominal) advocacy. Having a shelter that addresses such comprehensive needs enable clients to build a foundation for lives that are void of violence. What sets the YWCA shelters apart from most communal ones is that the Indi dual apartments provide clients and their children private areas to heal, reflect and grow. Because of their pet sociable policy, the YWCA pierce County is also one of the few shelters in the country that is recognized by the American tender Association.The 24-hour Crisis Hotline offers clients the ability to safety plan. Loved ones and friends who may be concerned for DV victims and are looking for solutions will also be provided with resources to help. Following ini tial screening and paperwork, the individual meets immediately with a trained advocate, who performs a needs assessment to determine which services the clients require and need. Services are client driven, which means only what the individual indicates that they are interested in. The most common immediate needs are (1) applying for protection orders and (2) shelter/housing. Subsequently, a needs and danger assessment are performedduring the time that the individual is receiving services. It is imperative to understand a little(a) almost the trajectory of services that clients seek from the YWCA. Clients may be referred from a variety of sources (i.e. law enforcement, friends, family, online searches, medical examination offices, mental health or substance abuse counselors, court referrals, CPS, etc.).The YWCA Pierce County resource center offers community members drop-in, crisis intervention that is based on site as well as referral services. Clients who call-in or walk in are a ble to receive assistance with referrals to programs that are available at the YWCA as well as other community resources. Clients who are victims of domestic violence are able to call the business line for free legal representation and/or advocacy. Women and their children who are seeking safety and self-reliance are given free assistance with protection orders, dissolution of marriage, parenting plans, child support, custody issues, parentage action, immigration and safety planning. There is also full interpretive services available to non-speakers of the English Language. Another notable exception about the YWCA, is besides legal advocates, this organization has a dedicated staff attorney available to provide representation in civil matters.The YWCA provides individual counseling to both adult clients and their children. This service is also do available to shelter resident, clients participating in other YWCA DV programs, as well as the general community. periodical facilitated groups are offered to provide a means of healing and therapy for clients who are wanting to deal and overcome the abuse and trauma they have experienced. Participants are educated about the dynamics of healthy relationships and how to unfold and rebuild self-esteem. abet groups occur at the same time as childrens groups to prevent childcare issues to become a possible barrier.Since relocating and expanding the shelter in 2010, the YWCA serves children throughout Pierce Country, rather than just clients from the shelter. The Childrens program equips children with tools to parent healthy relationships. Children receive food, clothing, group therapy and are taught safety planning. They are also able to participate in special events andfield trips and these robust based activities are planned specifically according to the different age groups. YWCAS purpose here is to assist children who have been subjected to violence and trauma to be able to develop healthy minds and bodies and gi ve them a chance at a stable childhood which would transition into adulthood.When clients and their children miss violent and abusive relationships, the biggest issues and complications hardinessd are sudden homelessness. Family Permanency Project Housing is a pine term housing program that offers families affordable housing while being supported by individual case management. Client who participate in this program are able to set and work towards goals that are specific to their individual family needs.It is estimated that violence occurs in 1 out of 5 teen relationships. The Teen dating Violence Prevention curriculum aims to educate high school and middle school youthfulness about the issues of power and control that could lead to abuse in relationships. The curriculum that is provided in schools around Pierce County educates youth on warning signs, safety tips and available community resources for participants.The YWCA, like most non-profit organizations derives its effective ness through a large number of community volunteers that serve clients in a myriad of ways. These individuals who give of their resources (time, donations, money, and talent) are parcel to change lives through their selfless giving. The organization partners with other agencies to provide a more comprehensive direct of service to meet the needs of clients. Some of their community partners include the Tacoma Community House, Korean Womens Association, United Way, Crystal Judson Family Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord, Exodus Housing and Sexual Assault Center of Pierce County, among others. There is a variety of cultural competence needed to serve a diverse population of clients that each call or walk in to the YWCA.Because these individuals are coming from different cultural backgrounds, they may face economic struggles, have gender identity struggles and issues, are dealing with discrimination, stress and trauma, or any other issues from the spectrum of human services conditions, the daily practice of usingculturally centered communication skills are vital to making effective interaction and assistance possible. Cultural minded helpers in any given smear will project to the demeanor and other aspects of culture, including paying close attention to their own verbal and non- and verbal communication and being very sensitive to the needs of the clients that they interact with.There are clear challenges that emerge in working with clients who have difficulty speaking and understanding English, particularly in helping these individuals fly the legal system and getting them connected to appropriate support resources. While some agency advocates can help with basic translation/interpretation concerns for victims in need, many comment on the additional complexness of working with these individuals, even when they share the same language. There is also the belief among providers of the need to address these barriers even at the broader community level. One senti ment is that the work with non- English English speaking client, even with an translator present can take more time and it is more intensive. Here it is very important to go forward through a series of steps with these individuals by being patient, non-judgmental, building trust and rapport with those from different cultural backgrounds and ethnicities. Another in the flesh(predicate) competency that should be addressed is the ability to manage your own personal biases especially in dealing with clients who may have a completely different belief, lifestyle or sexual orientation. Because the YWCA caters to the LGBTQ community, it is very important to be particularly sensitive to this community who have experienced a great deal of discrimination, prejudices and even violent crimes because of their orientation.For the pat week, I was fortunate to be able to attend the spring 2014 Domestic Violence Victims Services Training at the YWCA, Pierce Country. This training enabled me to get a better perspective on the domestic violence issues that is plaguing the community. I learned so much about professionalism, communication, cultural competencies, and the needs of clients as well as the organization as a whole. I was late impressed.One of the things that really hit me was that the Programs at the YWCA have been specifically catered to be culturally competent because of such a diverse population of clients that come through their doors every day. The staff there truly reckon to care about the clients that they interact with. They take their commitment to ending domestic violence and empowering clients very seriously.The YWCA does not practice the hierarchical management system. The CEO is very caring and interacts with the staff at a very personal level. This is a dynamic group of professionals and individuals who are dedicated, possess a lot of empathy, they are conscientious, authoritative and have a synergistic energy. Because most agencies will experience bur n out at one time or another, it is very important to practice good self-care. The YWCA Pierce Country has a work culture within their agency that emphasizes the importance of self-care, well-being that trranslagtes validatingly to how they interact and take care of their clients.As I mentioned, I learned so much and developed a great deal of lever for the Director and Education manager who presented some of the classes and training material. The training manager who is also in bash of community outreach was such an inspiration to me. She has taught me that if you do not have a deeper understanding of the barriers that clients are facing, accordingly you are not able to meet their needs in the best way possible. She goes on to suppose that we cannot go out into the community to provide services or training in social justice if we are not able to first examine our own motives, beliefs and biases that exist within ourselves. I trust to be able to complete my internship at the YW CA, Pierce County and perhaps accept a position in the future with this wonderful organization. I believe they have a made a deep and positive impact on my life.